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Before addressing acne scars and their treatment, it's pertinent to point out that reddish acne marks that may mirror scars are not actually scars because no permanent change has occurred. In other words they are not real scarring and disappear in time, however, while they are visible they can cause uneasiness. Flat, red or reddish spots that appear at the final stage of most inflamed acne lesions are called Macules or "pseudo-scars". After an inflamed acne lesion flattens, a macule may remain in the lesion's site for up to 6 more months. When a macule eventually disappears, no trace of it will remain, unlike a scar. Post-inflammatory pigmentation is darkening or discoloration of the skin at the site of a healed or healing inflamed acne lesion. The lesion's color varies from light brown to black. Lesions may become darker if exposed to sunlight (UV rays). It occurs more frequently in darker-skinned people, but is occasionally seen in people with fair skin. Early treatment with a natural skin care cream attenuates the occurrence of post-inflammatory pigmentation and also eliminates older marks. If untreated, post-inflammatory pigmentation can even continue for up to 18 months, specially with excessive sunlight exposure. Scars formed by Acne Acne scars occur when spots become inflamed or don't heal properly. While for some people scarring seems to depend on hereditary factors or skin color, precautions can be taken to prevent scars along with treatments, which significantly reduce a scarred skin's appearance. In the simplest terms, scars appear at the site of injury and are the visible reminders of injury and tissue repair. In the case of acne, the lesion is caused by the body's inflammatory response to sebum, microbes, and dead cells in the plugged sebaceous follicle. There are two types of true scars: (1) Depressed areas such as pitted acne scarring or ice-pick scars, and (2) Raised hardened tissue such as keloids. When tissue suffers a lesion, the body sends in it's 'repair kit' to the injury site. The skin activates all its defensive and repair systems, where elements such as white blood cells, inflammatory molecules, and regenerative elements have the task of repairing tissue and controlling infection. However, when their job is done they can leave a somewhat messy repair patch in the form of fibrous scar tissue, or deteriorated tissue. It's not always that way. White blood cells and inflammatory molecules may stay at the site of an active acne lesion for days or even weeks. In people who are susceptible to scarring the result may be an acne scar. More studies about the occurrence and incidence of scarring are needed. There is considerable variation in scarring between one person and another, indicating that some people are more prone to scarring than others (ex. hereditary factors or complexion). Scarring usually is a consequence of severe inflammatory nodular cystic acne that occurs deep in the skin.
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